David William

A foreign sales corporation (FSC) is a defunct provision in the U.S. federal income tax code which allowed for a reduction in taxes on income derived from sales of exported goods. The code required the use of a subsidiary entity in a foreign country which existed for the purposes of selling the exported goods.

The marginal propensity to import (MPM) is the change in imports induced by a change in disposable income.
The idea is that rising income for businesses and households spurs greater demand for goods from abroad and vice versa.
Nations that consume more imports as their population's income increases have a significant impact on global trade.
Developed economies with sufficient natural resources within their borders typically have a lower MPM than developing countries without these resources.

A voluntary export restraint (VER) is a trade restriction on the quantity of a good that an exporting country is allowed to export to another country. This limit is self-imposed by the exporting country. VERs came about in the 1930s and gained a lot of popularity in the 1980s when Japan used one to limit auto exports to the U.S. In 1994, World Trade Organization (WTO) members agreed not to implement any new VERs and to phase out existing ones.

Once the goods have arrived at the buyer's destination port, the buyer assumes responsibility for the costs associated with importing and delivering the goods. Some of these costs include the following:

Unloading the product at the port terminal
Transferring the product within the terminal and to the delivery site
Custom duty charges and associated with importing the goods
Charges for transporting, unloading, and delivering the goods to the final destination

A loose cargo load, while sometimes confused with LCL, is a load that is not palletized. This term can apply to shipments that do not require palletization and/or cannot be containerized due to their dimensions.

Sometimes loose cargo is used to describe goods that simply have not been palletized yet. Almost all carriers require palletization of goods to avoid damage and allow for smoother loading and unloading.