Kerim Allam

LINER OUT means the cost of discharging the cargo at the destination port is included in the freight rate. Free Out which when used from a liners perspective means that the liner is responsible for the loading (In) costs at the Port of Load and the consignee is responsible for the discharging (Out) costs at the Port of Discharge.

Livestock can only be exported by a licensed exporter and cannot be exported to all countries. Livestock exporters must comply with the country Standards for the Export of Livestock and other regulations that underpin the Exporter Supply Chain Assurance System (ESCAS) .

For example the Australian Government has memorandums of understanding (MoUs) with a number of countries in the Middle East and Africa, and negotiations continue with other trading partners. MoUs reinforce importing country commitment to international animal welfare standards and provide government-to-government assurances that Australian livestock will be unloaded on arrival, regardless of the results of initial animal health inspection.

Let's say you file Form SS-4 with the IRS, and then get impatient and call the IRS' toll-free phone number. Because you're dealing with two different IRS offices, there's a good chance the IRS will issue two different ID numbers for your business. If this happens, you must get the IRS to expunge the duplicate number from its records; otherwise they'll think you're operating two different businesses with the same name and will be looking for two different tax returns each year. To correct this problem, first call the IRS', explain the problem to the agent, and ask for the "entity fax number" for your regional IRS office. The agent will give you this number over the phone. You must then fax to this "entity fax number" a brief note explaining the discrepancy and telling the IRS which of the two numbers you plan to use for your business. The fax should be addressed to "BMF: Business Master File." Make sure the number you want the IRS to keep on file is the number you have used to open your checking account.

Dual-use exports are those materials or equipment which are defense-related, involving sensitive (e.g., military or nuclear) or non-sensitive applications, such as computers, weapons, licensing of defense services and defense (munitions) articles.

Although the Bureau of Export Administration (BXA) the primary licensing agent for dual-use exports, the Defense Trade Controls (TDC) in the Department of State has authority over defense articles and services.

Dumping occurs when a foreign producer sells a product for example in the United States at a price that is below that producer's sales price in the country of origin (home market), or at a price that is lower than the cost of production. The difference between the price (or cost) in the foreign market and the price in the U.S. market is called the dumping margin. Unless the conduct falls within the legal definition of dumping as specified in U.S. law, a foreign producer selling imports at prices below those of American products is not necessarily dumping.